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Austria

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
“Osterreich” redirects here. For other uses, see Osterreich (disambiguation) and Austria (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Australia, Asturias, Austrasia, or Australasia.
Republic of Austria
Republik Österreich (German)
Anthem: “Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich”
“National Anthem of the Republic of Austria”

Duration: 1 minute and 30 seconds.

Location of Austria (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital

and largest city
 Vienna
48°12′N 16°21′E
Official languages German[a][b]
National language Austrian German (Austrian)[c]
Official regional languages
Ethnic groups

(2023)[3]
Religion

(2021)[4]
Demonym(s) Austrian
Government Federal semi-presidential republic[5][d]
Alexander Van der Bellen
Christian Stocker
Legislature Parliament
• Upper house
 Federal Council
• Lower house
 National Council
Formation
c. 970
(1 November 996)
• Duchy
 17 September 1156
6 January 1453
1512
• Empire
 11 August 1804
30 March 1867
10 September 1919
1 May 1934
13 March 1938
27 April 1945
27 July 1955
Area
• Total
 83,879[8] km2 (32,386 sq mi) (113th)
• Water (%)
 0.84 (2015)[9]
Population
• April 2022 estimate
 Neutral increase 9,027,999[10] (97th)
• Density
 107.6/km2 (278.7/sq mi) (106th)
GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate
• Total
 Increase $667.153 billion[11] (43rd)
• Per capita
 Increase $73,050[11] (14th)
GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate
• Total
 Increase $535.804 billion[11] (33rd)
• Per capita
 Increase $58,668[11] (17th)
Gini (2023) Negative increase 28.1[12]
low inequality
HDI (2022) Increase 0.926[13]
very high (22nd)
Currency Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
 UTC+2 (CEST)
Calling code +43
ISO 3166 code AT
Internet TLD .at

Austria,[e] formally the Republic of Austria,[f] is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.[15] It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital Vienna is the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million.[10]

The area of today’s Austria has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period.[16] Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, it then developed into a Duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna also served as the Holy Roman Empire’s administrative capital.[17] Before the dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe. The empire’s defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867.[18]

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which r

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